Karl Landsteiner was an Austrian biologist and physician. He is noted for having first distinguished the main blood groups A, B and O, which he labeled C, of human blood. Landsteiner also found out that blood transfusion between persons with the same blood group did not lead to the destruction of blood cells, whereas this occured between persons of different blood groups. Based on his findings, in 1907 the first successful blood transfusion was performed by Reuben Ottenberg at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York.
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